الشمس
Surah Ash-Shams
The Sun · Surah 91 · Meccan · 15 verses
1وَٱلشَّمۡسِ وَضُحَىٰهَا ١By the sun and his brightness.InsightElmalılı explains “duha” as the time when the sun rises above the horizon and its light spreads and becomes visible to all.2وَٱلۡقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَىٰهَا ٢And the moon when she followeth him.InsightAccording to Elmalılı, this is when the moon follows the sun, rising after sunset in its likeness; fully so on the nights of the full moon.3وَٱلنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّىٰهَا ٣And the day when it revealeth him.InsightAccording to Elmalılı, the day is the time when the sun’s light spreads most clearly over the horizons; without mist and cloud it shows the sun plainly.4وَٱلَّيۡلِ إِذَا يَغۡشَىٰهَا ٤And the night when it enshroudeth him.InsightAccording to Elmalılı, this is the deep darkness when night begins to wrap the sun and all horizons and hide the light completely, the full opposite of the bright day.5وَٱلسَّمَآءِ وَمَا بَنَىٰهَا ٥And the heaven and Him Who built it.InsightAccording to Elmalılı, Allah has bound the stars and bodies of the sky to one another like parts of a building despite the vast distances between them, keeping them balanced at that height.6وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا طَحَىٰهَا ٦And the earth and Him Who spread it.InsightAccording to Elmalılı, Allah spread the earth beneath us like a bed, so that life and settlement are possible on it.7وَنَفۡسࣲ وَمَا سَوَّىٰهَا ٧And a soul and Him Who perfected it.InsightAccording to Elmalılı, Allah created each soul with its own character and set it in order and balance. The indefinite “a soul” conveys its worth and variety.8فَأَلۡهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقۡوَىٰهَا ٨And inspired it (with conscience of) what is wrong for it and (what is) right for it.InsightElmalılı says “ilham” originally means making something be swallowed at once, and came to mean placing a meaning into the heart. Man has been given a disposition to both evil and guarding against it, and the ability to tell them apart.9قَدۡ أَفۡلَحَ مَن زَكَّىٰهَا ٩He is indeed successful who causeth it to grow.InsightAccording to Elmalılı, this is the one who cleans his soul of wickedness and trains and grows it through righteousness. This is true success and reaching one’s goal.10وَقَدۡ خَابَ مَن دَسَّىٰهَا ١٠And he is indeed a failure who stunteth it.InsightElmalılı explains “tadsiyah” as dragging one’s soul down through wickedness and burying it. Such a person cannot save himself, and all his hopes turn upside down.11كَذَّبَتۡ ثَمُودُ بِطَغۡوَىٰهَآ ١١(The tribe of) Thamud denied (the truth) in their rebellious pride.InsightElmalılı describes Thamud as an ancient Arab people completely destroyed, whose ruin became proverbial. Allah had sent them the prophet Salih.12إِذِ ٱنۢبَعَثَ أَشۡقَىٰهَا ١٢When the basest of them broke forth.InsightAccording to Elmalılı, the plain sign of their denial appeared when the most wretched of them, Qudar ibn Salif, rose to kill the she-camel, and the whole people approved.13فَقَالَ لَهُمۡ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ نَاقَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَسُقۡيَٰهَا ١٣And the messenger of Allah said: It is the she-camel of Allah, so let her drink.InsightAccording to Elmalılı, the prophet Salih had warned them: do not touch this camel made a sign of his prophethood, nor her day for drinking.14فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمۡدَمَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ رَبُّهُم بِذَنۢبِهِمۡ فَسَوَّىٰهَا ١٤But they denied him, and they hamstrung her, so Allah doomed them for their sin and rased (their dwellings).InsightAccording to Elmalılı, the most wretched one and the people who approved did not believe the warning and killed the camel. So their Lord levelled them to the ground.15وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقۡبَٰهَا ١٥He dreadeth not the sequel (of events).InsightAccording to Elmalılı, Allah does not worry whether some harm or reckoning may follow from His punishment. Only created beings must answer for the outcome of their acts.